Chemicool

Y

39

88.9059
Yttrium
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Yttrium Symbol Y
atomic number 39 Atomic weight 88.9059
Density @ 293 K 4.47 g/cm3 Atomic volume 19.8 cm3/mol
Group Trans. Met. discovered 1794

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 1796.2 K boiling point 3537 K
Heat of fusion 11.40 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 363.0 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 615.6 kJ/mole electronegativity 1.22
2nd ionization energy 1181 kJ/mole electron affinity 29.6 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 1979.9 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.30 J/gK
heat atomization 423 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,18,9,2 electron configuration [Kr] 4d1 5s2
minimum oxidation number 0 maximum oxidation number 3
min. common oxidation no. 0 max. common oxidation no. 3
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure hcp: hexagonal close pkd color silvery
uses YAG laser, TV phosphor toxicity
hardness mohs characteristics forms protective oxide

Reactions
reaction with air vigorous, = Y2O3 reaction with 6M HCl mild, = H2, YCl3
reaction with 6M HCl mild, = H2, YCl3 reaction with 15M HNO3 vigorous, = Y(NO3)3
reaction with 6M NaOH
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 1 hydride(s) YH2 YH3
oxide(s) Y2O3 chloride(s) YCl3

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 180 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) pm ionic radius (3+ ion) 104 pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 17.2 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 16.9 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 22.7 A^3

Abundance
source xenotime (phosphate) rel. abund. solar system 0.667 log
abundance earth's crust 1.51 log cost, pure 220 $/100g
cost, bulk $/100g
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