Chemicool

Zr

40

91.22
Zirconium
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Zirconium Symbol Zr
atomic number 40 Atomic weight 91.22
Density @ 293 K 6.4 g/cm3 Atomic volume 14.1 cm3/mol
Group Trans. Met. discovered 1789

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 2125.2 K boiling point 4473 K
Heat of fusion 16.90 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 58.20 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 660 kJ/mole electronegativity 1.33
2nd ionization energy 1266.8 kJ/mole electron affinity 41.1 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 2218.2 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.27 J/gK
heat atomization 609 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,18,10,2 electron configuration [Kr] 4d2 5s2
minimum oxidation number 0 maximum oxidation number 4
min. common oxidation no. 0 max. common oxidation no. 4
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure hcp: hexagonal close pkd color grayish-white
uses deodorants, fuel rod clad toxicity
hardness mohs characteristics hard, relatively inert

Reactions
reaction with air mild, w/ht = Zr2O3 reaction with 6M HCl none
reaction with 6M HCl none reaction with 15M HNO3 passivated
reaction with 6M NaOH none
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 5 hydride(s) ZrH2
oxide(s) ZrO2 chloride(s) ZrCl3 ZrCl4

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 160 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) pm ionic radius (3+ ion) pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 22.7 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 25 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 17.9 A^3

Abundance
source Zircon (silicate) rel. abund. solar system 1.057 log
abundance earth's crust 2.24 log cost, pure 16 $/100g
cost, bulk 16 $/100g
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