Chemicool

Mo

42

95.94
Molybdenum
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Molybdenum Symbol Mo
atomic number 42 Atomic weight 95.94
Density @ 293 K 10.2 g/cm3 Atomic volume 9.4 cm3/mol
Group Trans. Met. discovered 1781

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 2890.2 K boiling point 4923 K
Heat of fusion 32.0 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 598.0 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 684.9 kJ/mole electronegativity 2.24
2nd ionization energy 1588.2 kJ/mole electron affinity 72 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 2620.5 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.25 J/gK
heat atomization 658 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,18,13,1 electron configuration [Kr] 4d5 5s1
minimum oxidation number -2 maximum oxidation number 6
min. common oxidation no. 0 max. common oxidation no. 6
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure bcc: body-centered cubic color silvery-white
uses catalysts, tool steel toxicity
hardness mohs characteristics very hard

Reactions
reaction with air none, w/ht = MoO3 reaction with 6M HCl none
reaction with 6M HCl none reaction with 15M HNO3
reaction with 6M NaOH
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 7 hydride(s) none
oxide(s) MoO2 MoO3 chloride(s) MoClx [x=2-6]

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 139 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) pm ionic radius (3+ ion) 83 pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 138 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 192.308 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 12.8 A^3

Abundance
source Molybdenite (sulfide) rel. abund. solar system 0.407 log
abundance earth's crust 0.2 log cost, pure 11 $/100g
cost, bulk $/100g
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