Chemicool

Ga

31

69.723
Gallium
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Gallium Symbol Ga
atomic number 31 Atomic weight 69.723
Density @ 293 K 5.907 g/cm3 Atomic volume 11.8 cm3/mol
Group Metal discovered 1875

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 302.98 K boiling point 2676 K
Heat of fusion 5.590 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 258.70 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 578.8 kJ/mole electronegativity 1.81
2nd ionization energy 1978.9 kJ/mole electron affinity 30 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 2963 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.37 J/gK
heat atomization 286 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,18,3 electron configuration [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
minimum oxidation number 0 maximum oxidation number 3
min. common oxidation no. 0 max. common oxidation no. 3
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure special: complex color silvery-blue
uses photocells, transistors toxicity
hardness 1.5 mohs characteristics melts near r.t.wets glass

Reactions
reaction with air mild, = Ga2O3 reaction with 6M HCl mild, = GaCl3, H2
reaction with 6M HCl mild, = GaCl3, H2 reaction with 15M HNO3
reaction with 6M NaOH mild, = [Ga(OH)4]2-, H2
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 2 hydride(s) GaH3
oxide(s) Ga2O3 chloride(s) GaCl Ga2Cl6

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 135 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) pm ionic radius (3+ ion) 76 pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 48.3 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 57.471 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 8.1 A^3

Abundance
source Bauxite (oxide) rel. abund. solar system 1.577 log
abundance earth's crust 1.2 log cost, pure 220 $/100g
cost, bulk $/100g
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