Chemicool

Pb

82

207.2
Lead
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Lead Symbol Pb
atomic number 82 Atomic weight 207.2
Density @ 293 K 11.34 g/cm3 Atomic volume 18.17 cm3/mol
Group Metal, Carbon group discovered 0

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 600.702 K boiling point 2024 K
Heat of fusion 4.799 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 177.70 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 715.6 kJ/mole electronegativity 2.1
2nd ionization energy 1450 kJ/mole electron affinity 35.1 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 3082 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.13 J/gK
heat atomization 196 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,18,32,18,4 electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
minimum oxidation number -4 maximum oxidation number 4
min. common oxidation no. 0 max. common oxidation no. 4
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure fcc: face-centered cubic color gray
uses batteries, solder, paints toxicity
hardness 1.5 mohs characteristics soft

Reactions
reaction with air mild, w/ht, = PbO reaction with 6M HCl none
reaction with 6M HCl none reaction with 15M HNO3 mild, = NOx, Pb(NO3)2
reaction with 6M NaOH
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 4 hydride(s) PbH4
oxide(s) PbO Pb3O4 Pb2O3 PbO2 chloride(s) PbCl2 PbCl4

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 146 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) 133 pm ionic radius (3+ ion) pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 35.3 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 48.431 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 6.8 A^3

Abundance
source Galena (sulfide) rel. abund. solar system 0.498 log
abundance earth's crust 1.1 log cost, pure 1.5 $/100g
cost, bulk 0.077 $/100g
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