Chemicool

Bi

83

208.9804
Bismuth
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Bismuth Symbol Bi
atomic number 83 Atomic weight 208.9804
Density @ 293 K 9.8 g/cm3 Atomic volume 21.3 cm3/mol
Group Metal, Nitrogen group discovered 1600

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 544.5 K boiling point 1837 K
Heat of fusion 11.30 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 104.80 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 703.3 kJ/mole electronegativity 2.02
2nd ionization energy 1610 kJ/mole electron affinity 91.3 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 2466 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.12 J/gK
heat atomization 207 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,18,32,18,5 electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
minimum oxidation number -3 maximum oxidation number 5
min. common oxidation no. 0 max. common oxidation no. 3
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure rhombohedral color white
uses antacid, fusible alloy toxicity
hardness 2.5 mohs characteristics brittle

Reactions
reaction with air mild, w/ht = Bi2O3 reaction with 6M HCl none
reaction with 6M HCl none reaction with 15M HNO3 mild, = Bi(NO3)3, NOx
reaction with 6M NaOH
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 1 hydride(s) BiH3
oxide(s) Bi2O3 chloride(s) BiCl3 BiCl4

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 150 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) pm ionic radius (3+ ion) 117 pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 7.92 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 9.363 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 7.4 A^3

Abundance
source Pb smelting by-product rel. abund. solar system -0.842 log
abundance earth's crust -0.8 log cost, pure 11 $/100g
cost, bulk $/100g
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