Chemicool

Mg

12

24.305
Magnesium
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Magnesium Symbol Mg
atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24.305
Density @ 293 K 1.738 g/cm3 Atomic volume 13.97 cm3/mol
Group Alkali Earth discovered 1808

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 922 K boiling point 1378 K
Heat of fusion 8.954 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 127.40 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 737.7 kJ/mole electronegativity 1.31
2nd ionization energy 1450.6 kJ/mole electron affinity kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 7732.6 kJ/mole Specific heat 1.02 J/gK
heat atomization 148 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,2 electron configuration [Ne] 3s2
minimum oxidation number 0 maximum oxidation number 2
min. common oxidation no. 0 max. common oxidation no. 2
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure hcp: hexagonal close pkd color silvery
uses alloys, flash bulbs toxicity
hardness 2 mohs characteristics burns brightly

Reactions
reaction with air vigorous,w/ht = MgO,Mg3N2 reaction with 6M HCl mild, = H2, MgCl2
reaction with 6M HCl mild, = H2, MgCl2 reaction with 15M HNO3 vigorous, = NOx, Mg(NO3)2
reaction with 6M NaOH none
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 3 hydride(s) MgH2
oxide(s) MgO chloride(s) MgCl2

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 160 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) 86 pm ionic radius (3+ ion) pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 156 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 224.719 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 10.6 A^3

Abundance
source Seawater, magnesite rel. abund. solar system 6.031 log
abundance earth's crust 4.4 log cost, pure 3.7 $/100g
cost, bulk 0.32 $/100g
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