Chemicool
Ru
44
101.07
Ruthenium
General
|
States
|
Energies
|
Oxidation & Electrons
|
Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions
|
Other Forms
|
Radius
|
Conductivity
|
Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles
General
Name
Ruthenium
Symbol
Ru
atomic number
44
Atomic weight
101.07
Density @ 293 K
12.2 g/cm3
Atomic volume
8.3 cm3/mol
Group
Trans. Met.
discovered
1844
States
state (s, l, g)
s
melting point
2583.2 K
boiling point
4323 K
Heat of fusion
24.0 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization
595.0 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy
711.1 kJ/mole
electronegativity
2.2
2nd ionization energy
1617.1 kJ/mole
electron affinity
101 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy
2746.9 kJ/mole
Specific heat
0.238 J/gK
heat atomization
643 kJ/mole atoms
Oxidation & Electrons
Shells
2,8,18,15,1
electron configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
minimum oxidation number
-2
maximum oxidation number
8
min. common oxidation no.
0
max. common oxidation no.
4
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure
hcp: hexagonal close pkd
color
silvery-white
uses
catalysts
toxicity
hardness
6.5 mohs
characteristics
hard
Reactions
reaction with air
none below 800 deg.C
reaction with 6M HCl
none
reaction with 6M HCl
none
reaction with 15M HNO3
none
reaction with 6M NaOH
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Other Forms
number of isotopes
7
hydride(s)
none
oxide(s)
RuO2 RuO4
chloride(s)
RuCl2 RuCl3
Radius
ionic radius (2- ion)
pm
ionic radius (1- ion)
pm
atomic radius
134 pm
ionic radius (1+ ion)
pm
ionic radius (2+ ion)
pm
ionic radius (3+ ion)
82 pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity
117 J/m-sec-deg
electrical conductivity
131.579 1/mohm-cm
polarizability
9.6 A^3
Abundance
source
nickel ores (sulfides)
rel. abund. solar system
0.270 log
abundance earth's crust
-3 log
cost, pure
1400 $/100g
cost, bulk
$/100g
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