Chemicool

C

6

12.011
Carbon
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Carbon Symbol C
atomic number 6 Atomic weight 12.011
Density @ 293 K 2.62 g/cm3 Atomic volume 4.58 cm3/mol
Group Non-Metal, Carbon group discovered 0

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 3823.2 K boiling point K
Heat of fusion ? Heat of vaporization 355.80 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 1086.4 kJ/mole electronegativity 2.55
2nd ionization energy 2352.6 kJ/mole electron affinity 121.85 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 4620.4 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.71 J/gK
heat atomization 717 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,4 electron configuration [He] 2s2 2p2
minimum oxidation number -4 maximum oxidation number 4
min. common oxidation no. -4 max. common oxidation no. 4
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure hexagonal layers color black
uses fuel(coal), lubricant toxicity
hardness 0.8 mohs characteristics 6 forms: graphite,diamond,buckminsterfullerene

Reactions
reaction with air vigorous, = CO2 reaction with 6M HCl none
reaction with 6M HCl none reaction with 15M HNO3 mild,w/ht= C6(COOH)6
reaction with 6M NaOH none
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 3 hydride(s) CH4 and many CxHy
oxide(s) CO CO2 chloride(s) CCl4

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 77.2 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) pm ionic radius (3+ ion) pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 1.59 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 0.727 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 1.8 A^3

Abundance
source Coal,Petroleum,Natural gas rel. abund. solar system 7.004 log
abundance earth's crust 2.3 log cost, pure 2.4 $/100g
cost, bulk $/100g
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