Chemicool

P

15

30.97376
Phosphorus
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Phosphorus Symbol P
atomic number 15 Atomic weight 30.97376
Density @ 293 K 1.82 g/cm3 Atomic volume 17.0 cm3/mol
Group Non-Metal, Nitrogen group discovered 1669

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 317.3 K boiling point 553.7 K
Heat of fusion 0.657 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 12.129 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 1011.7 kJ/mole electronegativity 2.19
2nd ionization energy 1903.2 kJ/mole electron affinity 72.07 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 2911.9 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.77 J/gK
heat atomization 315 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,5 electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p3
minimum oxidation number -3 maximum oxidation number 5
min. common oxidation no. -3 max. common oxidation no. 5
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure special: P4 tetrahedra color white-yellow
uses fertilizer, detergents toxicity yes
hardness 0.5 mohs characteristics (P4) pyrophoric, 15 forms

Reactions
reaction with air vigorous,= P4O10, ignites reaction with 6M HCl none
reaction with 6M HCl none reaction with 15M HNO3 mild, = NOx
reaction with 6M NaOH mild, = PH3, may ignite
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 1 hydride(s) PH3 P2H4 + more
oxide(s) P4O10 P4O6 chloride(s) PCl3 PCl5 P2Cl4

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 110 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) pm ionic radius (3+ ion) 58 pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 0.24 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 0 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 3.6 A^3

Abundance
source Apatite (phosphate) rel. abund. solar system 4.017 log
abundance earth's crust 3 log cost, pure 4 $/100g
cost, bulk $/100g
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