Chemicool

Ni

28

58.71
Nickel
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Nickel Symbol Ni
atomic number 28 Atomic weight 58.71
Density @ 293 K 8.90 g/cm3 Atomic volume 6.59 cm3/mol
Group Trans. Met. discovered 1751

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 1726.2 K boiling point 3193 K
Heat of fusion 17.470 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 370.40 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 736.7 kJ/mole electronegativity 1.91
2nd ionization energy 1752.9 kJ/mole electron affinity 111.5 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 3393.4 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.44 J/gK
heat atomization 430 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,16,2 electron configuration [Ar] 3d8 4s2
minimum oxidation number -1 maximum oxidation number 4
min. common oxidation no. 0 max. common oxidation no. 2
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure fcc: face-centered cubic color silvery-white
uses alloys, coins, batteries toxicity yes
hardness mohs characteristics hard, takes a high polish

Reactions
reaction with air mild, w/ht = NiO reaction with 6M HCl mild, = H2, NiCl2
reaction with 6M HCl mild, = H2, NiCl2 reaction with 15M HNO3 passivated
reaction with 6M NaOH none
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 5 hydride(s) NiH
oxide(s) NiO chloride(s) NiCl2

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 124 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) 83 pm ionic radius (3+ ion) 72 pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 90.9 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 146.199 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 6.8 A^3

Abundance
source sulfides, oxide/silicates rel. abund. solar system 4.693 log
abundance earth's crust 1.9 log cost, pure 7.7 $/100g
cost, bulk 0.76 $/100g
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