Chemicool

Cl

17

35.453
Chlorine
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Chlorine Symbol Cl
atomic number 17 Atomic weight 35.453
Density @ 293 K 0.003214 g/cm3 Atomic volume 22.7 cm3/mol
Group Halogen discovered 1774

States
state (s, l, g) g
melting point 172.22 K boiling point 239.2 K
Heat of fusion 3.203 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 10.20 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 1251.1 kJ/mole electronegativity 3.16
2nd ionization energy 2297.3 kJ/mole electron affinity 349 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 3821.8 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.48 J/gK
heat atomization 121 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,7 electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p5
minimum oxidation number -1 maximum oxidation number 7
min. common oxidation no. -1 max. common oxidation no. 7
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure layers of Cl2 color greenish-yellow
uses bleach (NaOCl), PVC pipe toxicity yes
hardness mohs characteristics diatomic(Cl2), corrosive

Reactions
reaction with air none reaction with 6M HCl mild, = HOCl, Cl-
reaction with 6M HCl mild, = HOCl, Cl- reaction with 15M HNO3 mild, = HClOx, NOxCl, NOx
reaction with 6M NaOH mild, = OCl-, Cl-
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 2 hydride(s) HCl
oxide(s) Cl2O ClO2 Cl2O7 chloride(s) Cl2

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) 167 pm
atomic radius 100 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) pm ionic radius (3+ ion) pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 0.01 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 0 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 2.2 A^3

Abundance
source Halite, brine (misc) rel. abund. solar system 3.719 log
abundance earth's crust 2.1 log cost, pure 0.15 $/100g
cost, bulk $/100g
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