Chemicool

Cu

29

63.546
Copper
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Copper Symbol Cu
atomic number 29 Atomic weight 63.546
Density @ 293 K 8.96 g/cm3 Atomic volume 7.1 cm3/mol
Group Trans. Met. discovered 0

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 1356.6 K boiling point 2843 K
Heat of fusion 13.050 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 300.30 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 745.4 kJ/mole electronegativity 1.95
2nd ionization energy 1957.9 kJ/mole electron affinity 118.5 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 3553.5 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.38 J/gK
heat atomization 338 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,18,1 electron configuration [Ar] 3d10 4s1
minimum oxidation number 0 maximum oxidation number 4
min. common oxidation no. 0 max. common oxidation no. 2
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure fcc: face-centered cubic color orange-red
uses wire, bronze, coins toxicity
hardness 2.75 mohs characteristics soft, ductile

Reactions
reaction with air mild, w/ht = CuO, Cu2O reaction with 6M HCl none
reaction with 6M HCl none reaction with 15M HNO3 mild, = Cu(NO3)2, NOx
reaction with 6M NaOH
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 2 hydride(s) CuH
oxide(s) Cu2O CuO chloride(s) CuCl CuCl2

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 128 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) 91 pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) 87 pm ionic radius (3+ ion) 68 pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 401 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 595.8 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 6.7 A^3

Abundance
source Cu pyrite,chalcocite(sulfide) rel. abund. solar system 2.718 log
abundance earth's crust 1.7 log cost, pure 2.7 $/100g
cost, bulk 0.24 $/100g
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