Chemicool

Cd

48

112.41
Cadmium
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Cadmium Symbol Cd
atomic number 48 Atomic weight 112.41
Density @ 293 K 8.65 g/cm3 Atomic volume 13.1 cm3/mol
Group Trans. Met. discovered 1817

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 594.1 K boiling point 1038 K
Heat of fusion 6.192 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 99.570 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 867.7 kJ/mole electronegativity 1.69
2nd ionization energy 1631.4 kJ/mole electron affinity kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 3616.2 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.23 J/gK
heat atomization 112 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,18,18,2 electron configuration [Kr] 4d10 5s2
minimum oxidation number 0 maximum oxidation number 2
min. common oxidation no. 0 max. common oxidation no. 2
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure distorted hcp structure color bluish-white
uses battery,yel. pigment(CdS) toxicity
hardness 2 mohs characteristics soft

Reactions
reaction with air mild, w/ht = CdO reaction with 6M HCl mild, = H2, Cd(Cl)2
reaction with 6M HCl mild, = H2, Cd(Cl)2 reaction with 15M HNO3 mild, = Cd(NO3)2, NOx
reaction with 6M NaOH none
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 8 hydride(s)
oxide(s) CdO chloride(s) CdCl2

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 151 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) 109 pm ionic radius (3+ ion) pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 96.9 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 146.413 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 7.2 A^3

Abundance
source Sphalerite (sulfide) rel. abund. solar system 0.207 log
abundance earth's crust -0.7 log cost, pure 6 $/100g
cost, bulk $/100g
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