Chemicool

Sc

21

44.9559
Scandium
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions | Other Forms |Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
Encyclopedia Britannica articles

General
Name Scandium Symbol Sc
atomic number 21 Atomic weight 44.9559
Density @ 293 K 3.0 g/cm3 Atomic volume 15.0 cm3/mol
Group Trans. Met. discovered 1879

States
state (s, l, g) s
melting point 1812.2 K boiling point 3021 K
Heat of fusion 14.10 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 314.20 kJ/mol
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Energies
1st ionization energy 631 kJ/mole electronegativity 1.36
2nd ionization energy 1235 kJ/mole electron affinity 18.1 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy 2389 kJ/mole Specific heat 0.6 J/gK
heat atomization 378 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons
Shells 2,8,9,2 electron configuration [Ar] 3d1 4s2
minimum oxidation number 0 maximum oxidation number 3
min. common oxidation no. 0 max. common oxidation no. 3
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Appearance & Characteristics
structure hcp: hexagonal close pkd color silvery-white
uses no significant uses toxicity
hardness mohs characteristics soft

Reactions
reaction with air vigorous, = Sc2O3 reaction with 6M HCl mild, = H2, ScCl3
reaction with 6M HCl mild, = H2, ScCl3 reaction with 15M HNO3 mild, = Sc(NO3)3
reaction with 6M NaOH
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Other Forms
number of isotopes 1 hydride(s) ScH2 ScH3
oxide(s) Sc2O3 chloride(s) ScCl3

Radius
ionic radius (2- ion) pm ionic radius (1- ion) pm
atomic radius 162 pm ionic radius (1+ ion) pm
ionic radius (2+ ion) pm ionic radius (3+ ion) 88.5 pm
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Conductivity
thermal conductivity 15.8 J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity 19.2 1/mohm-cm
polarizability 17.8 A^3

Abundance
source U extractn by-product rel. abund. solar system 1.534 log
abundance earth's crust 1.3 log cost, pure 1400 $/100g
cost, bulk $/100g
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